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Pulmonary Function and Associated Prognostic Factors in Children After COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Mega Septiana1, Nastiti Kaswandani1, Irene Yuniar1
1Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|December 31, 2025
Summary
Nearly half of children experience impaired lung function after COVID-19, particularly those with persistent symptoms or severe illness. Undernourished children also face higher risks of long-term respiratory issues post-COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Respiratory sequelae in pediatric COVID-19 survivors are underreported.
- Understanding long-term lung function is crucial for this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of impaired respiratory function in children post-COVID-19.
- To identify prognostic factors influencing long-term respiratory outcomes in pediatric COVID-19 survivors.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 100 pediatric patients (aged 5-18) with confirmed COVID-19.
- Respiratory function assessed via spirometry.
- Prognostic factors analyzed included COVID-19 severity, comorbidities, and persistent symptoms.
Main Results:
- 47% of children exhibited impaired lung function, primarily restrictive patterns.
- Persistent symptoms were significantly associated with abnormal spirometry (RR 1.99).
- Undernourishment and moderate-to-critical COVID-19 severity were linked to poorer respiratory function (aOR 5.64 and 5.18, respectively).
Conclusions:
- A significant prevalence of impaired lung function exists in children following COVID-19.
- Persistent symptoms, undernourishment, and severe COVID-19 are key predictors of adverse respiratory outcomes.
- Further prospective research is recommended to elucidate causal pathways.
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