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Associations Between Serum Selenium, Zinc, and Copper Levels and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
Piangporn Charernwat1, Sirintorn Chansirikarnjana1, Pachara Panpunuan2
1Division of Geriatric, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Nutrients
|December 31, 2025
Summary
Serum selenium and zinc levels are linked to better cognitive function in older adults, while high copper may increase cognitive decline risk. These trace elements can help identify individuals susceptible to cognitive impairment.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Neuroscience
- Biomarkers
Background:
- Cognitive decline in aging populations is a growing concern.
- Trace element imbalances, particularly in selenium, zinc, and copper, are implicated as risk factors.
- Understanding these relationships is crucial for early detection and prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between serum selenium, zinc, and copper levels and cognitive impairment in older adults.
- To evaluate the potential of these trace elements as biomarkers for cognitive health.
- To assess the efficacy of the Mini-Cog test in this population.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 854 participants aged 63-85 years.
- Clinical assessments of metabolic disorders and measurement of serum selenium, zinc, and copper.
- Cognitive function evaluated using the Mini-Cog test; statistical analyses included logistic regression and ROC analysis.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in demographic and metabolic parameters were observed between cognitively impaired and unimpaired groups.
- Increased serum selenium and zinc levels were associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment (protective effect).
- Elevated serum copper levels were identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment.
Conclusions:
- The Mini-Cog test is an effective screening tool for cognitive impairment in older adults.
- Balanced serum levels of selenium and zinc are associated with better cognitive performance.
- Elevated copper may indicate a pro-oxidant state detrimental to cognitive function, highlighting potential for targeted nutritional interventions.
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