Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Amygdala in Memory01:16

Role of Amygdala in Memory

994
The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
994
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

6.2K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
6.2K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.8K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.8K
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

170
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
170
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spatiotemporal Decoding of Explore-Exploit Decisions in the Human Brain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

AI-Discovered Cognitive Models Reveal Novel Insights into Human and Animal Learning.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Diet-induced metabolic and faecal microbiome responses in pet dogs fed a minimally processed versus extruded kibble diet.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Environmentally-induced sperm RNAs shape placentation and fetal growth.

Research square·2026
Same author

Risk reshapes amygdala representation of choice.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Challenges with the diagnosis of aortic dissection: two case studies.

CJEM·2026
Same journal

Layered social competition coordinates reproductive hierarchy formation in ants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Combination epigenetic-targeted therapy increases the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic sarcomas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Loss of LanC-like proteins delays post-injury regeneration of aging skeletal muscles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Transfer Network: Deep Transfer Learning Across Populations and Prediction Targets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Confidence-supported label-free metabolic imaging with FPhaS phase autofluorescence microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Sequence-encoded autoinhibition couples mRNA decapping activity to phase separation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.4K

Risk reshapes amygdala representation of choice.

Patrick T Piantadosi1, Kendall M Coden1, Hyesun Choi1

  • 1Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animals can change behavior to avoid punishment. This study reveals how the basolateral amygdala (BLA) dynamically reshapes neural representations to guide adaptive choices when facing risky rewards.

Keywords:
anxietycircuitconflictfiber photometrypunishmentstriatum

More Related Videos

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.6K
Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.4K
Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.6K
Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Biology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Behavioral flexibility is vital for survival, enabling animals to adapt to changing environments.
  • Understanding the neural basis of decision-making under risk is crucial for explaining adaptive behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) that mediate behavioral adjustments when facing punishment risk.
  • To elucidate how BLA neuronal activity patterns change to support avoidance of risky choices.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo cellular-resolution calcium imaging to monitor neuronal activity.
  • Optogenetics and chemogenetics to causally manipulate BLA neuron activity.
  • Behavioral tasks involving choice between large/risky and small/safe rewards under threat of punishment.

Main Results:

  • Punishment risk significantly altered reward-based decision-making, shifting choices towards safer options.
  • Experience of punishment led to the replay of specific BLA neuronal activity patterns during avoidance of risky choices.
  • Risk incorporated newly activated BLA neurons into pre-choice representations, predicting avoidance behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic reshaping of BLA representations is a key mechanism for behavioral flexibility in the face of risk.
  • The BLA plays a causal role in representing and responding to punishment risk, facilitating adaptive decision-making.