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Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...

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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

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Published on: July 20, 2021

High-Density 1D Ionic Wire Arrays for Osmotic Energy Conversion.

Jinlin Hao¹, Cuncai Lin¹, Min Zhao²

¹Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Based Fibers of Shandong Province, Qingdao Application Technology Innovation Center of Advanced Fibers and Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters

|December 31, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed novel 1D ion wires within ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) for efficient osmotic power generation. This breakthrough achieves the highest areal density of ion channels, significantly boosting energy conversion efficiency from salinity gradients.

Keywords:

Anti-swelling High-density ion channels One-Dimensional ionic wire Self-assembly Ultrahigh ion-exchange capacity

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Published on: December 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Electrochemistry

Background:

Osmotic energy conversion using ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) is a promising renewable energy source.
Traditional IEMs face challenges in creating high-density, spatially controlled ion transport channels.
Limitations in current IEMs hinder efficient electricity generation from salinity gradients.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel membrane architecture with high-density ion transport channels.
To enhance the power density and selectivity of osmotic energy conversion.
To explore recyclable and antibacterial properties for next-generation membranes.

Main Methods:

Molecular design introducing hydrophilic imidazole and hydrophobic alkyl groups into polymer repeat units.
Self-assembly of these units into 1D ion transporting core-shell structures along main chains.
Fabrication of ionic wire array membranes with ultrahigh areal density (~10^12 cm^-2).

Main Results:

Achieved the highest reported areal density of ionic wire arrays.
Demonstrated simultaneous high ion flux and selectivity.
Reached an ultrahigh power density of 40.5 W m^-2 under a 500-fold salinity gradient.
Confirmed membrane recyclability and antibacterial properties.

Conclusions:

The developed 1D ionic wires offer a novel concept for high-performance membranes.
This approach significantly advances the efficiency of osmotic power generation.
The ionic wire array membranes present a viable solution for next-generation renewable energy technologies.