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Related Concept Videos

Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
Charging Conductors By Induction01:15

Charging Conductors By Induction

The Earth is a good conductor of electricity, and it is so big that it can be considered an infinite source or sink of charges. It can easily exchange charges with any matter.
Generally, conductors like metals do not allow any excess charge to be present on them. Any excess charge added to metals easily flows away, for example, when a metal is placed on the Earth. This process is called earthing.
However, conductors can be charged by a process called induction. For example, consider charging a...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...

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Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing
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Published on: June 1, 2012

Self-Oriented Gradient Ionic Skins for Dual-Function Electromagnetic Shielding and Self-Powered Sensing.

Donghao Zhang1, Xiaodan Wang1, Na Pan2

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Based Fibers of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Advanced Fibers and Composites, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed advanced ionic skins (I-skins) with self-powering, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and pressure sensing. These novel I-skins offer high sensitivity and energy autonomy for soft electronics applications.

Keywords:
Electromagnetic interference shieldingGradient polyelectrolyte hydrogelIonic skinsSelf-orientationSelf-polarized potential

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Electronics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Soft electronics require integrated functionalities like electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, self-powering, and pressure sensing.
  • Current ionic skins (I-skins) face challenges in achieving all these high-performance features simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile strategy for fabricating self-powered I-skins with high-performance EMI shielding and pressure-sensing capabilities.
  • To explore the potential of MXene/polyelectrolyte hydrogels for advanced I-skin applications.

Main Methods:

  • A diffusion-complexation strategy was employed to create self-oriented gradient MXene/polyelectrolyte hydrogels.
  • The method involves osmotic pressure gradient-induced in-plane self-orientation of MXene nanosheets and spontaneous formation of a longitudinal charge gradient.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated I-skins demonstrated excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (48 dB).
  • The I-skins exhibited high-sensitivity self-powered pressure sensing (3.067 mV kPa⁻¹) over a broad range (0.05–80 kPa) with a low detection limit (0.05 kPa).
  • Fast response times (120–130 ms) were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The developed I-skins successfully integrate high sensitivity, energy autonomy, and superior EMI shielding.
  • This scalable strategy offers a promising pathway for advanced I-skins in diverse soft electronic applications.