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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors &#8211; Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection
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Smart Nucleic Acid Chaperones: Phase-Separating Intrinsically Disordered Proteins for Accelerating DNA Hybridization

Telmo Díez Pérez, Ashley N Tafoya, David S Peabody

    ACS Synthetic Biology
    |January 1, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Smart nucleic acid chaperones (SNACs) combine protein catalysis with liquid-liquid phase separation. These SNACs accelerate key nucleic acid reactions like strand annealing and displacement, offering new tools for nanotechnology.

    Keywords:
    biomolecular condensateselastin-like polypeptidesintrinsically disordered proteinsliquid−liquid phase separationnucleic acid chaperonetoehold mediated strand displacement

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biotechnology
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Nucleic acid (NA) hybridization is fundamental to molecular biology and NA nanotechnologies.
    • NA chaperones catalyze NA structure formation via base-pairing.
    • Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) exhibit dynamic behavior and phase separation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Develop smart NA chaperones (SNACs) by merging NA chaperoning function with IDP-driven phase separation.
    • Investigate SNACs' ability to control NA hybridization and reaction kinetics.
    • Explore SNACs as tools for NA nanotechnologies and nanoassembly.

    Main Methods:

    • Engineered fusion proteins combining NA chaperones and IDPs.
    • Designed IDPs with inherent NA chaperoning capabilities.
    • Assessed SNACs' impact on nucleic acid strand annealing (SA) and toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) kinetics.

    Main Results:

    • SNACs significantly enhanced the kinetics of both SA and TMSD reactions.
    • Engineered elastin-like protein-NA-binding domain fusions formed protein-DNA coacervates that accelerated SA.
    • SNACs accelerated TMSD in both soluble and phase-separated states.

    Conclusions:

    • SNACs are effective tools for controlling NA hybridization reactions.
    • Leveraging phase separation with SNACs enhances reaction kinetics.
    • SNACs show potential as versatile nanoassemblers for complex NA systems.