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  1. Home
  3. Design And Implementation Of Model-assisted Reduced-order Adrc For Power System Load Frequency Control Problem With Communication Delay.
  1. Home
  3. Design And Implementation Of Model-assisted Reduced-order Adrc For Power System Load Frequency Control Problem With Communication Delay.

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Design and implementation of model-assisted reduced-order ADRC for power system load frequency control problem with

M V Srikanth1, Sagiraju Dileep Kumar Varma1, K P Swaroop1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram 534 202, Andhra Pradesh, India.

ISA Transactions
|January 1, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Model Assisted Reduced-order Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (MRADRC) to solve load frequency control issues caused by communication delays and uncertainties. The MRADRC significantly reduces frequency deviations and improves system stability.

Keywords:
Communication delaysExtended state observerLoad frequency control problemMulti-attribute decision makingMulti-objective optimizationReduced-order active disturbance rejection control

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Area of Science:

  • Control Systems Engineering
  • Power Systems Stability
  • Nonlinear Control Theory

Background:

  • Load Frequency Control (LFC) is critical for power system stability.
  • Challenges include communication delays, actuator nonlinearities, and parameter uncertainties.
  • Existing methods like PID/FOPID/PI/H∞ controllers struggle with these complex dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust LFC strategy using a Model Assisted Reduced-order Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (MRADRC).
  • To enhance observer accuracy and controller performance under uncertain and delayed conditions.
  • To validate the proposed MRADRC against conventional controllers in realistic power system scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a reduced-order Extended State Observer (ESO) for delay-aware state estimation.
  • A two-stage controller tuning approach utilizing the Walrus multi-objective optimizer and multi-criteria decision-making.
  • Implementation and testing on single-area LFC plants and the IEEE 39-bus New England system.

    • Main Results:

    • MRADRC demonstrated significant improvements in reducing frequency deviations and peak frequency errors.
    • The controller maintained the desired robustness level (2≤ϵ≤5) and achieved a good delay margin.
    • Superior performance compared to PID, FOPID, PI, and H∞ controllers was observed across various scenarios.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed MRADRC effectively addresses LFC challenges posed by communication delays, nonlinearities, and uncertainties.
    • MRADRC offers a robust and high-performance solution for modern power grid control.
    • The developed tuning methodology ensures optimal controller and observer bandwidth selection.