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Related Concept Videos

Protein Digestion01:02

Protein Digestion

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Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the highly acidic environment can easily disrupt protein structure by exposing the peptide bonds of polypeptide chains. After polypeptide chains are broken into individual amino acids by a series of digestive enzymes, the amino acids are transported to the liver via the bloodstream to produce energy.
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Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...
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Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:28

Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements

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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model
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Dietary Protein Source Shapes Gut Microbial Structure and Predicted Functional Potential: a Systematic Integrative

Samson Adejumo1, Garry Lewis2, Pritha Das2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|January 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant-protein diets boost gut microbial diversity and favor beneficial bacteria, while animal-protein diets promote proteolytic microbes. These distinct gut microbiome profiles impact nutrient metabolism and cycling.

Keywords:
16S rRNA sequencingLEfSePICRUSt2animal-based dietdietary proteingut microbiotamicrobial ecologyplant-based dietrandom forestsystematic integrative re-analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Nutritional science
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Dietary protein source significantly impacts gut microbial ecology.
  • The specific taxonomic and functional effects of plant- vs. animal-based proteins are not well-defined.
  • Existing studies lack systematic comparison of protein-driven gut microbiome changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically re-analyze existing murine 16S rRNA sequencing data.
  • To compare the effects of plant- and animal-based protein diets on gut microbiota.
  • To identify robust microbial and metabolic signatures differentiating protein sources.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic integrative re-analysis of 10 murine feeding studies (n=187) using PRISMA guidelines.
  • Assessment of alpha and beta diversity, identification of differentially abundant taxa (LEfSe, Random Forest).
  • Inference of functional potential (PICRUSt2) and exploration of taxon-pathway relationships.

Main Results:

  • Plant-protein diets increased microbial diversity and favored saccharolytic genera (e.g., Bacteroides, Muribaculaceae).
  • Animal-protein diets enriched proteolytic taxa (e.g., Clostridium sensu stricto 1).
  • Distinct metabolic pathways were associated with each diet type, affecting nutrient cycling.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary protein source profoundly influences gut microbiota composition and function in mice.
  • Plant and animal proteins induce unique metabolic signatures impacting nitrogen and sulfur metabolism.
  • Further research is needed to isolate protein-specific effects by controlling other macronutrients.