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Surveys02:16

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Group Design02:01

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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Bias01:22

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
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Racial Disparities and Black Parents' School Preferences: Evidence from a Survey Experiment.

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Racial disparities in school discipline and academic outcomes deter Black parents from choosing high-achieving schools. These gaps negatively impact perceptions of belonging and school environment for Black students.

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Area of Science:

  • Education Policy
  • Sociology of Education
  • Racial Justice in Education

Background:

  • Public school choice is available to many Black parents, but may not guarantee equitable environments.
  • Qualitative studies show Black parents' concerns about potential racial bias, over-discipline, and exclusion in majority-White, high-achieving schools.
  • Large-scale research often overlooks Black families' school preferences and their navigation of tradeoffs between school quality and racial climate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how racial disparities in test scores and suspension rates influence Black parents' school choices.
  • To assess the impact of academic and discipline gaps on Black parents' preferences for high-achieving schools.
  • To understand how these disparities affect Black parents' perceptions of school belonging and inclusivity.

Main Methods:

  • A survey experiment was conducted with a large, national sample of 1,677 Black parents.
  • Parents were randomly assigned to view school profiles with varying academic and discipline gaps (test score and suspension disparities).
  • The study assessed how these presented disparities affected parents' school enrollment desires and perceptions.

Main Results:

  • Racial disparities in student discipline and academic outcomes significantly diminished Black families' interest in high-achievement schools.
  • Exposure to racial gaps in schools lowered Black parents' perceptions of student belonging.
  • Findings indicate that well-resourced, high-achieving schools become less appealing when they are perceived to marginalize Black students.

Conclusions:

  • Schools' unequal punishment of Black students influences Black parents' evaluations of educational settings.
  • Racial climate and equitable treatment are critical factors for Black families when considering school choice, even over academic metrics.
  • Addressing racial disparities in discipline and academics is crucial for ensuring equitable school choice for Black families.