[Understanding gender bias in medical diagnosis, treatment and care]

Gender bias in medicine influences the diagnosis, treatment, and care provided to patients. Rooted in a lack of awareness of sex- and gender-specific needs and in stereotypes, it distorts the interpretation of symptoms and clinical and therapeutic decision-making. While some gender-related differences in patient management may be clinically justified on the basis of health equity, others reflect unjustified inequalities. Using concrete examples, this article examines their effects on the medical practice of care, while highlighting the need for appropriate training for healthcare professionals.