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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Breaking with the Criteria; Selective Mutism and its Forbidden Connection with Autism.

Ina Helgesen¹, Anders Nordahl-Hansen^2,3

¹Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Østfold University College, Postboks 700, NO-1757, Halden, Norway.

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

|January 9, 2026

Summary

Selective mutism (SM) frequently co-occurs with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), affecting 11.7% of individuals in Norway. Current diagnostic criteria may hinder timely support for children with both conditions.

Keywords:

Autism Co-occurrence Diagnosis Gender distribution ICD-11 Selective mutism

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Area of Science:

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Selective mutism (SM) is often diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), despite diagnostic manuals listing ASD as an exclusion criterion.
Previous research indicates a significant overlap between SM and ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the co-occurrence of selective mutism and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Norway.
To quantify the prevalence of ASD among individuals diagnosed with SM in Norway.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from the Norwegian Patient Register (NPR) from January 1, 2008, to April 30, 2023.
Identified a sample of 1,682 individuals aged 3–18 years with at least one registered diagnosis of SM.
Analyzed the co-occurrence rates of SM and ASD within this cohort.

Main Results:

A significant co-occurrence rate of 11.7% was found between selective mutism and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
The gender ratio in the SM group was 2.13 girls for every boy (M/F 1:2.13).

Conclusions:

Excluding ASD as a co-occurring diagnosis for SM in ICD-10/11 may result in diagnostic delays and inappropriate interventions.
Children presenting with both SM and ASD, especially when SM is the primary feature, may not receive timely, tailored support.