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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

1.9K
Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
1.9K
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.7K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Acquisition and Semi-Automated Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Surface Electromyography
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Acquisition and Semi-Automated Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Surface Electromyography

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Adaptive Thermal Imaging Signal Analysis for Real-Time Non-Invasive Respiratory Rate Monitoring.

Riska Analia1,2, Anne Forster3, Sheng-Quan Xie1

  • 1School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LN, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an adaptive thermal imaging system for contactless respiratory rate monitoring on edge devices. It accurately estimates breathing rate in real-world conditions, offering a privacy-preserving vital-sign solution.

Keywords:
adaptivecontactlessembedded edge hardwareinter-breath intervalsnon-invasive sensingreal-timerespiratory rate monitoringthermal imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computer Vision
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Developing contactless and privacy-preserving vital-sign monitoring systems is crucial for remote healthcare.
  • Existing methods often require specialized hardware or external computation, limiting practical deployment.
  • Thermal imaging offers a non-invasive approach to physiological monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an adaptive, contactless, and privacy-preserving respiratory rate monitoring system using thermal imaging.
  • To enable real-time operation on embedded edge hardware for practical vital-sign monitoring.
  • To evaluate the system's accuracy and robustness under various real-world conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a TOPDON TC001 thermal camera and NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano for edge processing.
  • Employed a YOLO-based detector for nostril localization and a Kalman filter for ROI stabilization.
  • Extracted breathing signals from temperature data and analyzed them using an adaptive median-MAD hysteresis algorithm for phase detection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.57±0.36 BPM and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.64±0.42 BPM across diverse experimental conditions.
  • Demonstrated stable accuracy despite motion, varying distances (up to 2.0 m), and thermal drift.
  • Significantly reduced errors compared to traditional peak-based and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectral analysis methods.

Conclusions:

  • Confirmed the feasibility of accurate and robust respiratory rate estimation using low-resolution thermal sensors on embedded edge devices.
  • The integrated approach of YOLO, Kalman filtering, and adaptive MAD-hysteresis provides an efficient and privacy-preserving solution.
  • The system is suitable for non-invasive vital-sign monitoring in diverse real-world environments.