Maritime Response and Emergency Care for Irregular Migrants: Experiences of Spanish Rescue Professionals

Background/Objectives: Irregular maritime migration is a global health challenge as it combines exposure to extreme physical risks with profound psychosocial vulnerability. Understanding the role of maritime rescue professionals is essential for designing effective public health strategies that respond to these realities. The objective of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of SASEMAR professionals involved in the emergency care and rescue of irregular migrants arriving by small boat to the Spanish coast. Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive design, we conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with 12 SASEMAR professionals. Thematic analysis was performed using Braun and Clarke's approach with ATLAS.ti software. Results: The findings were grouped into three overarching themes: (1) Innovative Emergency Response Systems for Vulnerable Populations; (2) Holistic Health Approaches in Maritime Emergency Care; and (3) Integrated Approaches to Resource Use and Migrant Care Policies. Conclusions: Rescuing irregular migrants at sea requires coordinated, flexible, and multidisciplinary strategies to address diverse profiles and challenging conditions. Strengthening rescue capacity and policies is essential to ensure effective, human care during maritime emergencies.