Closing the Learning Gap in Arthroscopy: A Comparison of Conventional Training and Virtual Reality Simulation

To assess the efficacy of arthroscopic simulator training compared to conventional training in enhancing arthroscopic skills among novice orthopedic residents.

In this single-center study, 30 orthopedic residents with no arthroscopy experience were randomized into simulator-based (E) or conventional (C) training groups. Group E completed 10 sessions each on basic and diagnostic simulator modules; Group C trained through supervised live surgery. All were evaluated using the simulator, and performance scores were compared.

The experimental group outperformed the control group, demonstrating significantly better structure visualization (14 vs. 13.53, P = 0.022), detailed visualization (25.47 vs. 23.4, P = 0.026), shorter procedure times (137 vs. 165.93 s, P < 0.001), and fewer errors, including misaligned scope horizon (6.27 vs. 11.33, P < 0.001), tibial cartilage scratching (0.93 vs. 1.53, P < 0.001), and femoral cartilage scratching (3.07 vs. 6.33, P < 0.001). Camera path length was also significantly reduced.

Virtual-reality simulator training offers orthopedic residents a safe, controlled way to build essential skills, improving visualization, scope alignment, tissue handling, and efficiency-supporting its integration into residency programs for better-prepared surgeons.