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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
Published on: November 11, 2013
Achieving high precision in analog in-memory computing systems
Piergiulio Mannocci1, Giacomo Larelli1, Marco Bonomi1
1Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Modern workloads challenge von Neumann architectures due to memory-processor data transfer. In-memory computing (IMC) enables in situ processing, with analog IMC (AIMC) based on resistive memories offering high-throughput and energy-efficient multiply-accumulate operations. Precision is limited by noise, device/circuit variations, and non-idealities. This work reviews error sources in AIMC and surveys mitigation strategies: bit slicing, residue number system, error correction codes, and mixed-precision iterative refinement, analyzing hardware implementations, overheads, and tradeoffs.
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