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Disease-modifying therapy in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Elizabeth Wilson1, Tanuja Chitnis2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, Division of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|January 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly inflammatory with frequent relapses. High-efficacy treatments, including approved fingolimod, are crucial for managing childhood MS, with more adult therapies now being trialed.

Keywords:
DMTDisabilityLesionMRIMultiple sclerosisPediatricRelapseTherapyTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) onset in childhood and adolescence is increasingly recognized.
  • Pediatric MS exhibits a highly inflammatory disease course with higher relapse rates compared to adult MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the understanding of pediatric MS disease course.
  • To outline current management strategies and treatment studies for pediatric MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of open-label and retrospective studies on pediatric MS treatments.
  • Discussion of approved and investigational therapies for pediatric MS.

Main Results:

  • High-efficacy disease-modifying treatments are recommended for pediatric MS.
  • Fingolimod (Gilenya) is approved for pediatric MS in many regions.
  • Several adult MS treatments are under investigation for pediatric use.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding of pediatric MS has advanced significantly.
  • Effective management of pediatric MS involves high-efficacy treatments.
  • Ongoing research is expanding therapeutic options for young MS patients.