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Creation of a Knee Joint-on-a-Chip for Modeling Joint Diseases and Testing Drugs

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Comprehensive Research Progress on Glucosamine: A Review.

Zihao Zhang¹, Yunxing Liao¹, Lele Zhao¹

¹The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

|January 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Glucosamine (GlcN), a D-glucose derivative, offers immune, antioxidant, and antibacterial benefits, crucial for osteoarthritis treatment. Efficient biosynthesis strategies using engineered microbes achieve high yields for healthcare and cosmetic applications.

Keywords:

Applications in various countries Detection methods Functions Glucosamine Metabolism pathways Raw material sources

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Biotechnology
Microbiology

Background:

Glucosamine (GlcN) is a D-glucose derivative with significant biological activities, including immune enhancement, antioxidation, and antibacterial effects.
GlcN is widely recognized for its therapeutic role in osteoarthritis management.
Its diverse applications in healthcare, food, and cosmetics drive substantial market growth, projected to exceed $10 billion by 2028.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of Glucosamine (GlcN), covering its functions, sources, metabolism, detection, and global applications.
To highlight advancements in high-yield biosynthesis of GlcN and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) using metabolically engineered microorganisms.
To explore the commercial potential and product development opportunities for GlcN.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of existing literature on Glucosamine (GlcN) functions, raw materials, metabolic pathways, and detection methods.
Analysis of strategies for microbial biosynthesis of GlcN/GlcNAc, focusing on metabolic engineering approaches.
Evaluation of reported titers and yields from engineered microbial systems.

Main Results:

Glucosamine (GlcN) exhibits diverse biological functions and has broad applications across multiple industries.
Metabolically engineered microorganisms have demonstrated significant success in the high-yield biosynthesis of GlcN/GlcNAc.
The highest reported titer for GlcN/GlcNAc biosynthesis reached 179.7 g/L, indicating efficient production capabilities.

Conclusions:

Glucosamine (GlcN) is a valuable compound with significant therapeutic and commercial potential.
Metabolic engineering offers a promising avenue for the efficient and scalable industrial production of GlcN.
Further research into GlcN biosynthesis and applications can unlock its full commercial value.