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Effects of Food Bioactive Compounds on Oxidative Stress and the Antioxidant Defense System in Type 2 Diabetes: A

Marco Brandimonte-Hernández1,2, Angela Hernández-Ruiz3, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda1,2,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.

Nutrition Reviews
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Bioactive food compounds like vitamin D, curcumin, and alpha-lipoic acid can help manage type 2 diabetes by improving antioxidant defenses and glycemic control. Further research is needed to confirm efficacy and optimal dosages for diabetes management.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves chronic hyperglycemia, disrupting antioxidant systems and increasing oxidative stress, which drives disease progression.
  • Therapies enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses are crucial for preventing or mitigating diabetic complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of bioactive food compounds on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems in patients with T2DM.
  • To evaluate the potential of these compounds in managing diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search across major databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL) up to April 2025.
  • Inclusion of 109 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Meta-analysis using R to determine standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and vitamin D significantly reduced HbA1c levels.
  • Curcumin and vitamin D decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
  • Amino acids (N-acetylcysteine, L-citrulline, taurine), zinc, selenium, and chromium improved glycemic control and antioxidant status (lower HbA1c, MDA; higher TAC, GSH).

Conclusions:

  • Supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin D, curcumin, ALA, and certain minerals/amino acids shows potential for regulating HbA1c and enhancing antioxidant defenses in T2DM.
  • These compounds may offer clinical benefits for diabetes management.
  • Further research is required to validate clinical efficacy and establish optimal dosing strategies.
Keywords:
antioxidant response elementsdiabetes mellitusglycated hemoglobin Aoxidative stresstype 2

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