Association Between Pupil Area and the Efficacy of Peripheral Defocus Spectacle Lenses in Myopia Control

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Optometry
• Pediatric Eye Care

Background:

• Myopia control in children is crucial to prevent vision impairment.
• Peripheral defocus spectacle lenses are a common myopia management strategy.
• Individual patient factors may influence treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine if pupil area affects the success of peripheral defocus lenses in controlling myopia progression.
• To compare the efficacy of different myopia control lens designs based on pupil size.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 310 myopic children (ages 7-14) over 12 months.
• Participants used defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS), highly aspherical lenslets, or personalized freeform lenses.
• Axial length and refractive error were measured; analysis considered pupil area (above/below mean) and lens type interaction.

Main Results:

• Highly aspherical lenslets (Type B) significantly reduced axial elongation and refractive error in children with larger pupils compared to other lens types (P < 0.001).
• No significant differences in efficacy were found among lens types for children with smaller pupils.
• A significant interaction (β = -0.086, P = 0.002) confirmed pupil area influences Type B lens effectiveness.

Conclusions:

• Pupil area is a key factor influencing the effectiveness of peripheral defocus myopia control lenses.
• Children with larger pupils show greater benefits from highly aspherical lenslets.
• Considering pupil size in lens selection can optimize myopia management strategies.