Current advances in LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS coupled with chemometrics for integrated food analysis and quality control

The continuous evolution of food analysis is being pushed by the integration of cutting-edge liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS), which have transcended the limitations of traditional analytical techniques through their exceptional sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. This review presents a critical and forward-looking overview of recent advancements in LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS technologies, emphasizing their pivotal roles in addressing contemporary challenges in food safety surveillance, fraud detection, nutritional profiling, and overall quality assurance. In parallel, the emergence of advanced chemometric strategies spanning multivariate statistics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence has redefined how complex datasets are processed, interpreted, and visualized, enabling more robust, high-resolution insights into food composition and integrity. By synthesizing the latest developments in both instrumentation and data science, this review highlights the synergistic potential of analytical chemistry and chemometrics to set new standards in foodomics, traceability, and risk assessment. Ultimately, these innovations contribute to greater transparency, regulatory compliance, and consumer trust in the global food supply chain.