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When better data meets better design: How EHR data usability and system usability shape physicians' cognitive load.

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Summary

Electronic health record (EHR) systems impact physician cognitive load. Improving EHR data usability enhances focus on critical information, while better system usability reduces extraneous effort for efficient clinical decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Medical Informatics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Electronic health record (EHR) systems aim to improve clinical decision-making.
  • However, EHR design can impose significant cognitive demands on physicians.
  • Data organization and display within EHRs are critical factors influencing cognitive load.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how EHR data usability and system usability jointly affect physicians' cognitive load.
  • To examine the mediating role of information overload in these relationships.
  • To identify strategies for optimizing cognitive performance in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Survey responses from 564 physicians across 32 specialties were analyzed.
  • A mediated model was tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling.
  • Psychometric criteria were used to assess reliability and validity.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced data usability increased germane cognitive load, fostering engagement with meaningful clinical information.
  • Improved system usability reduced extraneous cognitive load by aligning with workflows and minimizing navigation.
  • Information overload partially mediated these effects, with better data usability aiding in filtering irrelevant data.

Conclusions:

  • Improving EHR system usability lowers unnecessary cognitive effort and documentation errors.
  • Enhancing EHR data usability supports reasoning-intensive diagnostic tasks.
  • Optimizing both system and data usability balances cognitive load for sustainable, error-resilient clinical decision-making.