Magnesium metabolism: A potential breakthrough in osteoporosis intervention

Osteoporosis (OP), a multifactorial systemic skeletal disease, is characterized by significant reductions in bone density and quality, coupled with progressive deterioration of bone microarchitecture, and poses a significant health challenge. Conventional therapies, while partially effective, have limitations. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of magnesium (Mg) metabolism in bone health. Mg regulated bone homeostasis by promoting osteoblasts (OBs) differentiation and suppressing osteoclasts (OCs) activity. They also influence intracellular metabolism and hormonal functions. Mg deficiency can disrupt calcium (Ca) homeostasis, exacerbating bone resorption. Novel interventions, including Mg supplementation, Mg-based implants, offer promising approaches. This review synthesizes evidence on Mg's impact on OP pathogenesis and evaluates these therapeutic strategies, aiming to guide future research and clinical applications. It underscores Mg metabolic balance as a critical target for OP management.