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Moving intentions from brains to machines.

Christian Beste¹, Heleen A Slagter², Christian Herff³

¹Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Partner Site Leipzig/Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

|January 15, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a new brain-computer interface (BCI) design based on ideomotor theory, focusing on user goals rather than just motor signals. This approach aims to create more intuitive and generalizable BCIs for wider application.

Keywords:

action brain–computer interface ideomotor theory intentions perception

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Current brain-computer interface (BCI) research shows technical advancements but is limited in scope and patient populations.
Existing BCIs primarily utilize motor and visual cortex signals, hindering broader applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a paradigm shift in BCI design by integrating ideomotor theory.
To reorient BCIs towards user goals and anticipated sensory outcomes for improved intuitiveness and generalizability.

Main Methods:

Leveraging ideomotor theory, which posits voluntary action arises from internally represented sensory outcomes.
Utilizing advances in neural recording technologies.
Employing artificial intelligence for decoding sensory representations.

Main Results:

A proposed BCI framework aligned with the brain's natural intentional and action-planning architecture.
A more intuitive, generalizable, and scalable BCI design path.
Potential to address current challenges in BCI usability and generalizability.

Conclusions:

Shifting BCI focus to the 'what for' of action (user goals) offers a principled approach.
This ideomotor-theory-based BCI design is timely and feasible due to recent technological advancements.
The proposed framework may significantly enhance BCI usability and widespread adoption.