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Caplan Syndrome: A Case Report.

Ali Moussa Mahaman Laouali1, Maïga Soumaila1, Ismael Ayouba Tinni2

  • 1Department of Pulmonology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center Ouagadougou Burkina Faso.

Clinical Case Reports
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caplan syndrome, a rare combination of silicosis and rheumatoid arthritis, is often underdiagnosed. This case highlights the importance of recognizing rheumatoid pneumoconiosis in silica-exposed individuals, especially miners.

Keywords:
CaplanCollinetrheumatoid arthritisrheumatoid pneumoconiosissilicosis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Occupational Medicine

Background:

  • Caplan syndrome, or rheumatoid pneumoconiosis, is a rare condition combining silicosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Silica dust exposure is a known risk factor for various respiratory and systemic diseases.
  • The condition is often underdiagnosed, particularly in populations with significant dust exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of Caplan syndrome in a gold miner.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical awareness for this rare condition.
  • To discuss the diagnostic challenges and management of rheumatoid pneumoconiosis.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of a 39-year-old gold miner with a 20-year occupational history.
  • Clinical presentation analysis including chronic progressive polyarthritis and febrile context.
  • Diagnostic confirmation through clinical and paraclinical examinations.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with bilateral, symmetrical polyarthritis affecting small and large joints, with functional impairment.
  • The clinical picture was characterized by a chronic, febrile course.
  • Diagnosis of Caplan syndrome was established based on the patient's history and clinical findings.

Conclusions:

  • Caplan syndrome is a rare but significant condition in individuals exposed to silica dust.
  • Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial due to its potential for underdiagnosis.
  • Multidisciplinary management and rigorous follow-up are essential for patients with rheumatoid pneumoconiosis.