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Updated: Jan 21, 2026
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A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published on: January 11, 2020
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Altered tear fluid protein expression in persons with mild cognitive impairment
Virve Kärkkäinen1,2,3, Toni Saari4, Minna Rusanen5,6
1NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|January 20, 2026
Summary
Tear fluid protein analysis reveals significant changes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), offering potential new biomarkers for early diagnosis of memory disorders and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Tear fluid (TF) contains proteins that may reflect neurodegenerative disease changes, including Alzheimer's disease.
- TF proteins are explored as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
- Limited data exists on TF protein alterations in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify changes in tear fluid protein expression in individuals with MCI compared to healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Analyzed tear fluid from 54 participants (34 controls, 20 MCI).
- Utilized mass spectrometry-based proteomics and label-free quantification.
- Participants underwent comprehensive cognitive, neurological, and ophthalmological assessments.
Main Results:
- Expression of 33 tear fluid proteins was significantly altered in individuals with MCI (p ≤ 0.05).
- Affected proteins are involved in critical cellular processes including oxidative stress, clearance mechanisms, cytoskeleton stability, and inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Tear fluid from individuals with MCI shows altered expression of numerous cellular stress-related proteins.
- These findings suggest TF proteins as potential biomarkers for early detection of MCI and related memory disorders.
- Further research into TF proteins can enhance diagnostic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasebiomarkersinflammationmild cognitive impairmentoxidative stressprotein functionproteomicstear fluidMore Related Videos
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