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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon
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From Bedside to Bench Without Return: The Surgeon-to-Researcher Transformation (2009 to 2024).

Joseph Sujka1, Rachel L Wolansky, Lorenzo Hiraldo

  • 1From the Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL.

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|January 21, 2026
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Summary

Surgeon-scientist leadership in NIH-funded surgery research is shifting, with a decline in MD-Only principal investigators (PIs) and a rise in MD-PhD PIs. A growing number of MD PIs maintain credentials without recent clinical practice, potentially hindering research translation.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Research
  • NIH Funding Trends
  • Physician-Scientist Development

Background:

  • Surgeon-scientists are crucial for translating laboratory findings into clinical practice.
  • Concerns exist regarding physician representation in surgical research leadership due to competitive NIH funding.
  • This study analyzes 15 years of NIH surgery funding to understand trends in surgeon-scientist leadership and clinical engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize trends in surgeon-scientist leadership and clinical engagement within NIH-funded surgical research over 15 years.
  • To examine the changing landscape of principal investigator (PI) credentials and their relationship with active clinical practice.
  • To identify potential impacts on the bidirectional translation of research findings.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of NIH RePORTER data from 2009, 2014, 2019, and 2024 (N=4,511 unique PIs, 4,011 grants, $1.77 billion).
  • PI credentials (degree type, National Provider Identifier, board certification) and Medicare billing activity were collected via web-scraping.
  • Two-way ANOVA and gap analysis assessed time-based interactions and the relationship between clinical credentialing and active practice.

Main Results:

  • NIH surgery funding increased by 53%, but grant numbers remained stable.
  • MD-Only PIs decreased from 48.9% to 40.8%, while MD-PhD PIs increased by 64% (15.2% to 24.9%).
  • A growing gap exists between clinical credentialing and active practice among MD PIs, with 26.6% showing no Medicare billing in 2024.

Conclusions:

  • Traditional MD-only surgical research leadership is declining, with a notable increase in MD-PhD investigators.
  • A significant portion of MD PIs maintain credentials without recent clinical billing, indicating a potential disconnect.
  • Academic departments should foster pathways supporting clinically active surgeon-scientists to ensure effective bidirectional research translation.