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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.3K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.3K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

129.2K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
129.2K
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

127.4K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
127.4K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

19.9K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
19.9K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.0K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.0K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Leveraging Electrochemical Diversity in Engineering Liquid-State Ionic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing.

Yechan Noh1,2,3, Alex Smolyanitsky1

  • 1Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic devices mimic the brain's electrochemical signaling for neuromorphic computing. Diverse ion interactions within pores unlock new functionalities, vastly expanding computing design possibilities.

Keywords:
2D membranesion transportmolecular dynamicsnanoporeneuromorphic computing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromorphic computing
  • Ionic devices
  • Electrochemical signaling

Background:

  • Liquid-state ionic devices leverage electrochemical principles for neuromorphic computing.
  • Abundant ions and molecular species offer unique signaling capabilities.
  • Classical diffusion models do not capture the full functional potential of these devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate multi-ionic transport through nanoscale pores.
  • To demonstrate how electrochemical diversity leads to functional diversity.
  • To explore the design space for ionic computing devices.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations
  • Analysis of ion transport in Ångström-scale pores
  • Investigation of barrier-limited transport regimes

Main Results:

  • Observed diverse ionic transport behaviors, including voltage-inactivated transport.
  • Demonstrated electrochemical pulse generation and synaptic potentiation.
  • Revealed an exponential scaling of the design space with the number of ion species (2^N_ion).

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical diversity in ionic devices translates to functional diversity.
  • The barrier-limited transport regime offers a rich, unexplored design space for computing.
  • The potential for novel neuromorphic computing architectures is vast due to the large number of ion species.