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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
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Increasing X-ray energy improves data quality in serial crystallography.

Do Heon Gu1, Danny Axford1, James Beilsten-Edmands1

  • 1Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Using higher-energy X-rays in serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) improves data quality and resolution, even at low doses. This approach helps mitigate radiation damage, enabling better protein dynamics studies.

Keywords:
high-energy X-raysradiation damageserial crystallographyserial synchrotron crystallography

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) allows near-physiological structure determination but is limited by radiation damage.
  • Reducing absorbed dose while maintaining data quality is crucial for mitigating SSX limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the impact of X-ray energy on low-dose SSX data quality.
  • To provide guidance for optimizing SSX experiments for protein dynamics research.

Main Methods:

  • Collected low-dose SSX data at five X-ray energies (12.4–25 keV) using a CdTe Eiger2 detector.
  • Maintained a constant absorbed dose across all energy levels for systematic comparison.

Main Results:

  • Higher photon energies significantly increased diffracted intensity and signal-to-noise ratio per unit dose.
  • High-energy X-rays facilitated higher-resolution structure determination, even with fewer crystals.
  • Improved data quality was observed with increasing X-ray energy.

Conclusions:

  • High-energy X-rays are advantageous for low-dose SSX, enhancing data quality and enabling better structural analysis.
  • Optimizing X-ray energy is key to mitigating radiation damage and probing protein dynamics effectively.