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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
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Single-Cell Multimodal Profiling of m6A mRNA Modification under Oxidative Stress.

Xiaojun Ren1, Yifan Wu1, Li Wang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|January 22, 2026
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Oxidative stress causes N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA to aggregate within cells. This study reveals m6A aggregation spots correlate with stress granules and oxidative stress levels, offering new insights into RNA modification dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications are crucial in cellular processes.
  • Understanding m6A dynamics under stress requires high-resolution, multidimensional analysis.
  • Existing methods lack the ability to capture spatial localization and quantitative data simultaneously at the single-cell level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for identifying m6A modification with location-, quantification-, and single-cell resolution.
  • To investigate the spatial and quantitative changes of m6A under oxidative stress conditions.
  • To provide a comprehensive analytical framework for studying m6A regulatory dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a multisignal integrated nanocluster-driven strategy.
  • Application of synchrotron radiation soft X-ray microscopy for 3D nanoscale imaging of m6A RNA.
  • Analysis of m6A RNA aggregation spots (ASs) and their colocalization with stress granules (SGs).

Main Results:

  • Achieved the first 3D nanoscale imaging of m6A RNA within individual cells.
  • Demonstrated that oxidative stress induces significant m6A aggregation.
  • Observed a 65% colocalization rate between m6A ASs and SGs.
  • Found that m6A AS size positively correlates with oxidative stress intensity.
  • Revealed an inverse relationship between m6A abundance and oxidative stress intensity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multimodal strategy enables precise, single-cell resolution analysis of m6A modifications.
  • Oxidative stress triggers m6A RNA aggregation, often associated with stress granules.
  • The quantitative and spatial dynamics of m6A under stress provide critical insights into cellular regulatory mechanisms.