Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

43.0K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
43.0K
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.9K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.9K
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies01:27

Confounding in Epidemiological Studies

612
Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This...
612
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

49.3K
Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
49.3K
Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

968
Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
968
Multiple Regression01:25

Multiple Regression

3.8K
Multiple regression assesses a linear relationship between one response or dependent variable and two or more independent variables. It has many practical applications.
Farmers can use multiple regression to determine the crop yield based on more than one factor, such as water availability, fertilizer, soil properties, etc. Here, the crop yield is the response or dependent variable as it depends on the other independent variables. The analysis requires the construction of a scatter plot...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Vertebrate Genomes Project Phase I: A global reference genome resource.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cluster-Assembled Hollow SnO<sub>2</sub> Spheres as Biomimetic Enzymes for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Superoxide Anions.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Synchronized UAV multi-angle inversion of canopy structure parameters in wheat breeding materials.

Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Estimating uncertainty in family-based GWAS.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Observational epidemiological studies can mitigate genetic confounding with a genetic relatedness matrix.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

KnitLoRA: bridging low-rank adaptation as interwoven layers for deeper semantic reasoning.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
12:00

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

36.0K

Characterizing and mitigating confounding by unreplicated evolutionary events in phylogenetic regression.

Qifan Wang, Michael D Edge, Joshua G Schraiber

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |January 23, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers can improve phylogenetic regression by including eigenvectors of the phylogenetic variance-covariance matrix as fixed effects. This hybrid approach helps control for confounding influences and reduces false positives in evolutionary analyses.

    More Related Videos

    Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
    08:57

    Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

    Published on: August 14, 2018

    16.5K
    Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
    05:22

    Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

    Published on: May 9, 2019

    5.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

    A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
    12:00

    A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

    Published on: February 5, 2014

    36.0K
    Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
    08:57

    Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

    Published on: August 14, 2018

    16.5K
    Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
    05:22

    Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

    Published on: May 9, 2019

    5.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Phylogenetics
    • Statistical genetics

    Background:

    • Interspecific data analysis requires accounting for phylogenetic structure to avoid confounding effects.
    • Phylogenetic regression is a common method, but can be misled by large evolutionary events.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a hybrid phylogenetic regression approach incorporating eigenvectors.
    • To provide tools for visualizing phylogenetic contributions and assessing model performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Mathematical analysis and simulations to test the hybrid strategy.
    • Incorporating leading eigenvectors of the phylogenetic variance-covariance matrix as fixed effects.
    • Developing visualization tools and using quantile-quantile plots for assessment.

    Main Results:

    • The hybrid strategy effectively controls for phylogenetic confounding, especially large evolutionary events.
    • The novel visualization approach aids in understanding phylogenetic contributions.
    • Application to cichlid fish gene expression data suggests a reduced false positive rate.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed hybrid method enhances phylogenetic regression by addressing historical evolutionary events.
    • The EIGER R package facilitates the implementation of this improved analytical approach.
    • This method offers richer insights into phylogenetic confounding in comparative studies.