[Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases]

Tobacco exposure is a known but underrecognized cause and risk factor of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This review covers the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of key smoking-related ILDs, including those caused directly by smoking and with smoking as a risk factor. These conditions often share overlapping features, making diagnosis challenging. The widespread use of high-resolution computed tomography allows earlier detection, even in asymptomatic smokers. A systematic multidisciplinary approach is crucial for optimal and accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.