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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Understanding the inductance of transmission lines is crucial for efficient design and operation in electrical power systems. This discussion delves into the inductance characteristics of single-phase two-wire and three-phase three-wire transmission lines with equal phase spacing.
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Capacitance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:25

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In electrical power systems, understanding the capacitance of transmission lines is fundamental for efficient operation.
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Digital composites with reprogrammable phase architectures.

Yun Bai1, Xuebo Yuan2, Yang Weng1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

Science Advances
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed a digital composite with reprogrammable material phases. This innovation allows for real-time, voxel-level tuning of material properties in 3D structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Composite Materials
  • Digital Materials

Background:

  • Material phase patterning is crucial for composite functionality.
  • Current composite architectures are typically static and lack adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel digital composite with reprogrammable solid-liquid phase architectures.
  • To enable real-time, voxel-level tuning of material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Development of elastomeric voxels containing a liquid metal composite.
  • Electrical switching of voxel states between solid and liquid phases.
  • High-throughput experiments and coupled modeling for property tuning.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated precise control over viscoelastic and plastic properties.
  • Achieved programmable constitutive behaviors and strain distributions.
  • Enabled scalable 3D construction of reprogrammable composites.

Conclusions:

  • The digital composite offers unprecedented adaptability and real-time property modulation.
  • This technology unlocks new possibilities for designing dynamic and reconfigurable materials.
  • Encoding phase states as digital inputs allows for precise material control.