Homemade toothpastes: what recipes for what effects?

Introduction Nowadays, mistrust of industrial products has led to the growing popularity for homemade (or do-it-yourself [DIY]) products, specifically in the field of cosmetics and hygiene products such as toothpastes.Aims The aim of the present work was to complete the data collection by systematically reviewing DIY toothpaste (DIYT) recipes found online and gather information on composition, measurement units and conservation modalities. Furthermore, a systematic literature review on DIYT was performed.Methods Four browsers (Baidu, Ecosia, Google, Yahoo) were used to systematically collect DIYT recipes online over the last ten years; for the systematic review, five scientific databases (Cochrane Library electronic, Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science) were searched (September 2024) with 'homemade toothpaste recipes' and 'homemade toothpaste' as keywords.Results A total of 116 different DIYT recipes and six articles were found over the last ten years. Between 2-11 different ingredients were considered per recipe. None of the recipes contained fluoride. The literature synthesis showed that further research is needed to document DIYT effects, risks and limitations.Conclusions DIYT may have deleterious effects; dental professionals should be sensitised as well as patients.