Tooth Movement Modulation and Root Protection via Piezo1-Mediated Production of Superoxide Dismutase 3

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Orthodontics
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Alveolar bone remodeling and cementum repair are critical processes during orthodontic tooth movement.
• Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an antioxidant enzyme with potential roles in tissue repair and regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of SOD3 in alveolar bone remodeling and cementum repair under orthodontic loading.
• To elucidate the signaling pathways involved in SOD3 production in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs).

Main Methods:

• Mice models of tooth movement were used with or without adenovirus-mediated SOD3 treatment.
• PDLCs were cultured under mechanical loading and treated with Piezo1 or YAP inhibitors.
• In vitro cell cultures (MC3T3-E1, BMSCs, OCCM-30, BMMs, RAW264.7) were used to assess osteogenic and osteoclastogenic markers with recombinant SOD3 (rmSOD3).

Main Results:

• Orthodontic loading increased SOD3 expression in the periodontal ligament (PDL), potentially mediated by Piezo1 and YAP signaling.
• Exogenous rmSOD3 promoted osteoblastogenesis, enhanced cementoblast differentiation and mineralization, and inhibited osteoclastogenesis.
• SOD3 overexpression in the PDL reduced root resorption and slowed orthodontic tooth movement.

Conclusions:

• Piezo1-mediated SOD3 production in PDLCs protects the root from resorption.
• SOD3 retards orthodontic tooth movement by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteoblast and cementoblast differentiation.