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Differentiating ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder through Synapsin III gene polymorphisms and neurocognitive
Akın Tahıllıoğlu1, Angélica Salatino-Oliveira2, Flávia Wagner3
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, İzmir Bakırçay University, İzmir, Turkey.
Applied Neuropsychology. Child
|January 25, 2026
Summary
The absence of a specific Synapsin III gene variation (rs133946 C/G haplotype) is linked to a higher risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) comorbidity. This genetic marker may influence impulsivity in children with ADHD+ODD.
Area of Science:
- Neurogenetics
- Child Psychiatry
- Cognitive Neuroscience
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).
- Understanding the genetic and neurocognitive underpinnings of ADHD with ODD comorbidity is crucial for targeted interventions.
- Synapsin (SYN) III gene is implicated in neuronal development and function, making it a candidate for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate genetic distinctions, specifically Synapsin (SYN) III gene polymorphisms, between ADHD-only, ADHD+ODD, and typically developing controls (TDCs).
- To explore neurocognitive profiles associated with these genetic variations in children with ADHD and ODD.
- To identify potential genetic markers for ODD comorbidity in ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Genotyping of SYN III gene polymorphisms (rs133946) in 59 children with ADHD-only, 42 with ADHD+ODD, and 100 TDCs.
- Neurocognitive assessment using CNS Vital Signs test battery, IQ evaluation, and semi-structured psychiatric interviews.
- Parental completion of the Turgay ADHD Rating Scale IV.
Main Results:
- The absence of the rs133946 C/G haplotype in SYN III was significantly associated with a heightened risk of ADHD+ODD (OR = 12.14, p=0.001).
- Individuals with more rs133946 C/G haplotype units showed faster Simple Reaction Time on the Stroop Test (p=0.044).
- No significant direct neurocognitive differences were found between ADHD-only and ADHD+ODD groups, though both differed from TDCs.
Conclusions:
- The absence of the SYN III rs133946 C/G haplotype may serve as a genetic marker for ODD comorbidity in ADHD.
- This genetic finding might be linked to underlying mechanisms of increased impulsivity or reduced inhibitory control in ADHD+ODD.
- Further research is warranted to explore the functional implications of this genetic polymorphism in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Keywords:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderetiologyneurocognitive assessmentoppositional defiant disordersynapsin IIIMore Related Videos
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