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Competency-based curricula in the Eastern Mediterranean Region schools of pharmacy: a framework-informed mixed method
Muna Al-Ismail1, Reem El-Hage1, Ahmed Awaisu1
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
|January 26, 2026
Summary
Most Eastern Mediterranean Region pharmacy schools adopt competency-based education (CBE), but gaps exist in implementing key competencies. Challenges like resistance and resource limits hinder progress, despite leadership support being a facilitator.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Healthcare Professions Education
- Curriculum Development
Background:
- Competency-based education (CBE) is increasingly adopted in healthcare, including pharmacy, to overcome traditional teaching limitations.
- Research on CBE adoption in pharmacy schools within the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the extent of CBE integration into pharmacy curricula in the EMR.
- To identify barriers and facilitators impacting CBE implementation in this region.
Main Methods:
- A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed.
- Data collection involved an online survey and semi-structured online interviews.
- The International Pharmaceutical Federation Global Competency Framework (FIP GbCF) guided the study.
Main Results:
- Over half of surveyed EMR pharmacy schools (63.2%) implement CBE, with high adoption of communication and professional practice competencies.
- Lower incorporation rates were observed for emergency response (58.3%) and workplace management (25%).
- Key implementation challenges included internal resistance, resource constraints, and workload, while leadership support and communication facilitated adoption.
Conclusions:
- The majority of accredited EMR pharmacy schools have adopted CBE, but significant gaps persist in the comprehensive implementation of FIP GbCF competencies.
- Pharmacy schools encounter substantial challenges in CBE implementation, irrespective of their current adoption level.
- These findings highlight opportunities for enhancing pharmacy education quality across the EMR.
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