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Expansion of Two-dimension Electrospun Nanofiber Mats into Three-dimension Scaffolds
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Nanofiber Mats as Amine-Functionalized Heterogeneous Catalysts in Continuous Microfluidic Reactor Systems.

Katja Rumpke1, Naresh Killi1, Barbara Dittrich2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 27, 2026
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Summary

Sustainable catalysts were developed using electrospun, photo-crosslinked nanofibers. This green chemistry approach enhances microfluidic synthesis for valuable malononitrile derivatives with improved yields and reusability.

Keywords:
flow chemistrygreen chemistryheterogeneous catalysisnanomaterialsorgano-catalysissustainable synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Sustainable catalyst development is crucial for green chemistry.
  • Tertiary amine-based polymers offer catalytic potential.
  • Nanofiber structures can enhance catalyst accessibility and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize photo-crosslinked polymer nanofibers for heterogeneous catalysis.
  • To evaluate the performance of these nanofibers in a microfluidic reactor.
  • To assess the sustainability and reusability of the developed catalytic system.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a tertiary amine-based polymer functionalized with a photo-crosslinker.
  • Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers using polycaprolactone (PCL) as a stabilizer.
  • Photo-crosslinking to create hierarchically porous structures.
  • Incorporation of nanofiber mats into a microfluidic reactor (MFR).
  • Application in the Knoevenagel reaction of malononitrile with aldehydes.

Main Results:

  • Hierarchically porous nanofibers with high swelling and surface area were produced.
  • The MFR system demonstrated significantly improved NMR yields (40-60%) and turnover frequencies (50-80 h⁻¹).
  • The catalyst exhibited reproducibility over three reaction cycles, indicating good reusability.

Conclusions:

  • Electrospun, photo-crosslinked nanofibers are effective heterogeneous catalysts in microfluidic systems.
  • This approach offers a sustainable method for producing valuable malononitrile derivatives.
  • The study highlights the potential of advanced materials in green chemistry applications.