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A Terrain-Constrained TIN Approach for High-Precision DEM Reconstruction Using UAV Point Clouds.

Ziye He1, Shu Gan1, Xiping Yuan2

  • 1Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.

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|January 27, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces a new terrain-constrained Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) method for interpolating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) point clouds. It improves Digital Elevation Model (DEM) accuracy in complex terrains compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:
UAV point cloudcomplex terraindigital elevation modelsurface roughnesstriangulated irregular network interpolation

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Traditional interpolation methods struggle with self-consistency and spatial adaptability in complex terrains.
  • Accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) reconstruction is crucial for various geoscientific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel terrain-constrained Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) interpolation method.
  • To enhance the accuracy and stability of DEM reconstruction from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) point clouds in challenging landscapes.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a terrain-constrained TIN interpolation method utilizing UAV point clouds.
  • Conducted comparative analysis with Spline, Kriging, ANUDEM, and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) methods.
  • Tested the method across varying ground point densities (90% to 10%) in a complex terrain area.

Main Results:

  • The proposed TIN method consistently yielded the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) across all tested densities.
  • Demonstrated superior stability, self-consistency, and preservation of terrain undulations compared to benchmark methods.
  • The method proved effective even at low sampling densities (e.g., 10%).

Conclusions:

  • The terrain-constrained TIN interpolation method offers a robust solution for high-precision DEM reconstruction from UAV data in complex terrains.
  • This approach provides significant technical support for geoscientific studies requiring accurate topographic information.
  • The findings highlight the limitations of traditional methods and the advantages of advanced interpolation techniques for UAV-derived data.