Anatomical Evaluation of the Pterygomaxillary Complex Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Radiology

Background:

• The pterygomaxillary region is a complex anatomical area vital for Le Fort I osteotomy.
• Understanding its morphometric characteristics is essential for preventing intraoperative hemorrhage and nerve injury.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the morphometric characteristics of the pterygomaxillary region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
• To evaluate the effects of age, sex, and laterality on these anatomical parameters.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 200 individuals' CBCT scans (100 males, 100 females, aged 20-80).
• Axial measurements of key distances and dimensions within the pterygomaxillary region and pterygoid process.
• Statistical evaluation of measurements based on sex, age group, and laterality.

Main Results:

• Significant differences observed in piriform rim to descending palatine artery distance (greater on the left).
• Lateral pterygoid lamina length increased with age.
• Pterygomaxillary region thickness was greater in females.
• Greater palatine canal to medial pterygoid lamina apex distance was higher in males.

Conclusions:

• Anatomical variations in the pterygomaxillary region can lead to complications during Le Fort I osteotomy.
• Preoperative CBCT evaluation is recommended for surgical planning to mitigate vascular and neural risks.