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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Ninjin'yoeito for Impaired Oral Function in Older Adults: A Prospective, Open-Label Pilot Study.

Quang Trung Ngo1,2, Akiko Shirai3, Hongyang Li1

  • 1Kampo Clinical Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1 Chome-2-3 Kasumi, Minami Ward, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ninjin-yoeito (NYT) improved oral function and symptoms in elderly individuals with impaired oral function. This Kampo medicine was well-tolerated and showed potential for maintaining oral health in aging populations.

Keywords:
Kampo medicineNinjin’yoeitoelderlyfrailtyoral frailtyoral healthpilot studyswallowingtraditional Japanese medicinexerostomia

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Integrative Medicine
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Aging populations face challenges with oral frailty, impacting chewing, swallowing, and saliva secretion.
  • Impaired oral function exacerbates frailty and nutritional decline.
  • Traditional Kampo formulas like Ninjin-yoeito (NYT) are used for systemic weakness and oral symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ninjin-yoeito (NYT) in improving oral health in elderly individuals.
  • To assess the impact of NYT on oral function, symptoms, and immune markers.

Main Methods:

  • An open-label prospective study involving elderly patients receiving daily NYT for 12 weeks.
  • Assessments included oral symptom scores, mucosal moisture, saliva swallowing tests (RSST), gustatory function (VAS), and immune profiling.
  • Safety was monitored via hematological and biochemical tests.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed in oral symptom scores (8.27 to 3.64) and oral condition scores (5.09 to 1.36).
  • Mucosal moisture increased (25.1 to 28.1) and RSST frequency improved (2.18 to 4.55).
  • Questionnaire scores declined significantly (5.1 to 2.0), with no adverse safety findings and favorable lipid trends.

Conclusions:

  • Ninjin-yoeito (NYT) is well-tolerated and demonstrates gradual improvements in oral and physical symptoms in the elderly.
  • Preliminary evidence supports Kampo-based approaches for maintaining oral health in aging populations.
  • Further validation in larger controlled trials is warranted.