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Innovative Titanium Implants Coated with miR-21-Loaded Nanoparticle for Peri-Implantitis Prevention.

Anna Valentino1,2, Raffaele Conte1,2,3, Pierfrancesco Cerruti4

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A novel bioactive dental implant coating delivers microRNA-21 (miR-21) using lecithin-polyethylenimine nanoparticles. This system effectively prevents peri-implantitis by reducing inflammation and promoting bone regeneration around implants.

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microRNA-eluting implantnanoparticlesosteointegrationperi-implantitisregeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Peri-implantitis is a major cause of dental implant failure, characterized by inflammation and bone loss.
  • Current treatments are limited by poor vascularization and immune clearance in peri-implant tissues.
  • MicroRNAs, like miR-21, are crucial in regulating inflammation and bone remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bioactive dental implant coating for sustained local delivery of miR-21.
  • To modulate inflammation and promote peri-implant tissue regeneration.
  • To prevent peri-implantitis and enhance implant osseointegration.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized lecithin-PEI nanoparticles (LEC-PEI NPs) for miR-21 delivery.
  • Incorporated LEC-PEI NPs into a chitosan coating on titanium implants (miR21-implant).
  • Evaluated transfection efficiency and biological activity in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs).

Main Results:

  • LEC-PEI NPs showed superior transfection efficiency and biological activity compared to Lipofectamine.
  • The chitosan coating provided controlled, sustained release of miR-21.
  • miR-21 delivery modulated inflammatory and osteogenic pathways, supporting tissue homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • The miR21-implant system offers a promising strategy for peri-implantitis prevention.
  • Sustained local miR-21 delivery preserves peri-implant bone and reduces inflammation.
  • This approach enhances osseointegration and long-term implant success.