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¹Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, CNR-IMM, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.

|June 12, 2026

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Flowable composites are crucial for clear aligner therapy (CAT) attachments. This study reveals significant differences in material properties, impacting performance and highlighting a trade-off between ease of use and durability.

Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Orthodontics
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Clear aligner therapy (CAT) increasingly uses composite attachments for improved force transmission and retention.
The influence of flowable composite properties on clinical outcomes in CAT is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To comparatively analyze physicochemical, morphological, optical, thermal, and rheological properties of five flowable composites used for orthodontic attachments.
To establish a framework for selecting materials that enhance predictability and durability in CAT.

Main Methods:

Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis-NIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
Rheological measurements were performed before and after curing to assess viscoelastic behavior and mechanical response.

Keywords:

filler–matrix interaction flowable resin composites polymeric dental materials rheological behavior

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Main Results:

Significant variations observed in post-curing storage modulus (0.06 MPa to ~5 MPa) and elastic modulus (~20 MPa to ~1000 MPa) among the tested composites.
A notable trade-off was identified: the softest material post-curing (SOFT ENA Flow) had the highest pre-curing viscosity, while the least viscous (Aligner FLOW LC) was among the softest.

Conclusions:

Material selection for orthodontic attachments involves a critical balance between pre-cure handling characteristics and post-cure mechanical stability.
Understanding these material property differences is essential for optimizing force transmission, aligner retention, and overall clinical success in clear aligner therapy.