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Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy for Measuring Complex Modulus of Bitumen.

Frederik A Kollmus1, Lucas Sassaki Vieira da Silva1, Michael P Wistuba1

  • 1Braunschweig Pavement Engineering Centre, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy (RAS) effectively measures the complex modulus of bitumen, reflecting temperature and aging effects. While accurate at low temperatures, RAS shows deviations from Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) results at higher temperatures due to viscosity and damping.

Keywords:
Dynamic Shear RheometerResonant Acoustic Spectroscopy (RAS)asphalt binder rheologycomplex modulus

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Rheology
  • Civil Engineering

Background:

  • Complex modulus is crucial for rheological characterization of bituminous materials.
  • Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy (RAS) is established for asphalt mixtures' complex modulus.
  • Extending RAS to bitumen requires validation against standard methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy (RAS) technique for bitumen characterization.
  • To compare RAS-derived complex modulus master curves with those from Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests.
  • To evaluate RAS's effectiveness in reflecting temperature and aging effects in bitumen.

Main Methods:

  • Applied Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy (RAS) to four different bitumens.
  • Conducted tests across a temperature range of -30 °C to 20 °C.
  • Compared RAS results with Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) data for validation.

Main Results:

  • RAS successfully characterized the complex modulus of bitumen, showing temperature and aging effects.
  • Good agreement between RAS and DSR results was observed at low temperatures.
  • Deviations occurred at higher temperatures, attributed to viscosity and damping effects.

Conclusions:

  • Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy (RAS) is effective for evaluating the complex modulus of bitumen.
  • RAS accurately reflects temperature and aging impacts on bitumen's mechanical properties.
  • RAS is not yet sufficient for complete master curve development across all temperature ranges.