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Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with craniosynostosis: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis

Osama O Bashawieh1, Marshad H Alyami2, Majed A Alghamdi3

  • 1Pediatric Neurosurgery, King Fahad Medical City/National Neuroscience Institute, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. bashawieh@yahoo.com.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|January 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Early surgery for craniosynostosis improves cognitive and motor outcomes in children. Key factors influencing neurodevelopment include syndromic status, surgical timing, and intracranial pressure, not just suture type.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurosurgery
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Craniofacial anomalies

Background:

  • Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of skull sutures, can impact neurodevelopment.
  • Understanding factors affecting outcomes is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with craniosynostosis.
  • To examine the influence of suture type, syndromic status, surgical timing, and intracranial pressure on outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study of 150 children (ages 3-12) with craniosynostosis.
  • Utilized medical records and standardized neurodevelopmental tests.
  • Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression.

Main Results:

  • Surgery before 9 months showed a ~5-point advantage in cognitive and motor outcomes, especially for sagittal and coronal synostosis.
  • Raised intracranial pressure (13% of cases) was associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Metopic synostosis showed non-significant trends toward lower language and higher social impairment scores.

Conclusions:

  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes in craniosynostosis are mainly influenced by syndromic status, surgical timing, and intracranial pressure.
  • Early surgical intervention (before 9 months) is linked to improved cognitive and motor development.
  • Supports the importance of early referral and intervention for children with craniosynostosis.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cognitive developmentCraniosynostosisEarly surgeryMotor skillsNeurodevelopmentNonsyndromicSocioeconomic factorsSyndromic

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