Prospects and problems in enzyme immobilization methodology: comprehensive review.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Biocatalysis
• Enzyme Engineering

Background:

• Enzyme immobilization is crucial for industrial applications, offering benefits like mild conditions and high efficiency.
• Industrial settings pose challenges due to extreme conditions that can destabilize enzymes, impacting operational durability.
• Immobilization strategies aim to reduce costs through enzyme reuse and modified enzyme behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comparative analysis of covalent and non-covalent enzyme immobilization methods.
• To outline key issues and prospects for practical applications in biotechnology, medicine, and analytical practices.
• To highlight the role of advanced characterization and computational methods in understanding and optimizing enzyme immobilization.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of covalent and non-covalent immobilization techniques.
• Utilizing nanoscale characterization tools for analyzing surface-immobilized enzymes.
• Employing computer simulations, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) for process optimization and predictive modeling.

Main Results:

• Immobilization alters enzyme characteristics by modifying microenvironments and multipoint binding.
• Nanoscale characterization provides essential insights into enzyme behavior and structural changes post-immobilization.
• AI and ML successfully optimize immobilization processes and enable predictive modeling for enhanced enzyme design.

Conclusions:

• Enzyme immobilization is vital for cost-effective and efficient industrial biocatalysis.
• Advanced analytical and computational tools are critical for evaluating and improving immobilization strategies.
• Future prospects involve leveraging AI and ML for designing high-performance immobilized enzymes and robust industrial processes.