A Covalent 3D CNT@rGO Nano-Hybrid for High-Efficiency Conductivity in Lithium-Ion Batteries

The limitations of conventional conductive agents in lithium-ion batteries, such as carbon black and graphite flakes, have driven the search for high-performance alternatives. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene offer exceptional conductivity and lower dosage requirements, but face challenges related to high costs and complex fabrication processes. Herein, we develop a facile and cost-effective one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy to achieve ultrahigh-yield CNT growth (7692.31%) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), constructing a covalently integrated 3D CNT@rGO composite. When deployed as a conductive agent in LiFePO₄ cathodes, the 3D architecture establishes multidirectional conductive networks that facilitate unimpeded electron/ion transport during electrochemical reactions. This results in significantly enhanced rate capability across 1-6 C rates and exceptional cycling stability with 96.32% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1 C. The synergistic attributes-including multidimensional conduction pathways, minimal catalyst residue (0.52%), and homogeneous dispersion-collectively provide an efficient and economical solution for next-generation battery technologies. This work paves the way for scalable battery technologies utilizing high-performance carbon-based conductive agents.