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    Low-frequency fluctuations in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback are analyzed. Compound-cavity mode curves quickly estimate parameter ranges where these fluctuations occur, revealing they are more common than previously thought.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optoelectronics
    • Nonlinear Dynamics

    Background:

    • Semiconductor lasers are crucial optoelectronic devices.
    • Optical feedback can induce complex dynamics, including low-frequency fluctuations (LFF).
    • Understanding LFF is vital for laser stability and applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze low-frequency fluctuations in a semiconductor laser with optical feedback.
    • To develop a method for fast estimation of parameter ranges for LFF.
    • To determine the prevalence of LFF within the laser's parameter space.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a traveling wave model for laser analysis.
    • Investigated instantaneous and compound-cavity modes.
    • Analyzed compound-cavity mode curves in the frequency/carrier-density plane.

    Main Results:

    • Compound-cavity mode curves provide rapid estimation of LFF parameter ranges.
    • Identified that LFF occur over a broader parameter space than previously recognized.
    • The height and width of these curves correlate with LFF occurrence.

    Conclusions:

    • Compound-cavity mode analysis offers an efficient tool for predicting LFF.
    • The study expands the understanding of parameter regimes leading to LFF in semiconductor lasers.
    • This work facilitates better control and design of lasers operating with optical feedback.