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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Quantum Communication Security
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising technology for secure communication.
    • Existing CV-QKD systems often lack flexibility and interoperability with different modulation schemes.
    • High-speed key distribution remains a challenge in practical CV-QKD implementations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate a high-performance multi-protocol CV-QKD system using a single transceiver.
    • To achieve simultaneous key distribution across diverse modulation formats (Gaussian, 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, 1024QAM).
    • To optimize system parameters for maximizing secure key rates (SKRs) and ensuring low excess noise.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a multi-protocol CV-QKD system leveraging orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) technology.
    • Optimization of modulation variance and probability distribution factors for each of the five subcarriers.
    • Development of an effective OFDM-based digital signal processing (DSP) scheme and a dual-stage phase noise compensation scheme.
    • Operation at a 2 GHz symbol rate for each subcarrier.

    Main Results:

    • Simultaneous distribution of five subcarriers with Gaussian, 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 1024QAM protocols.
    • Achieved secure key rates (SKRs) of 48.79, 7.58, 23.67, 32.93, and 36.78 Mbps.
    • Successful transmission over a typical distance of 50 km within a single transmission.
    • Realization of low excess noise for each subcarrier.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated multi-protocol CV-QKD system offers a practical and efficient solution for secure quantum communication.
    • The system provides interoperability, flexibility, and high-speed key distribution capabilities.
    • This work paves the way for advanced, secure quantum networks.