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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
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OFDR enabled high spatial resolution distributed twist measurement using spun fiber.

Yalin Gao, Shuyan Chen, Zhiyong Zhao

    Optics Letters
    |January 30, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel distributed twist sensor uses optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) in spun single-mode fiber (SMF) for high-resolution twist detection. This sensor accurately measures twist angle and direction, promising advancements in structural monitoring and medical devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fiber Optic Sensing
    • Materials Science
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Distributed sensing offers advantages over point sensing for monitoring applications.
    • Spun single-mode fiber (SMF) possesses unique structural properties that can be exploited for sensing.
    • Optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) is a technique for high-resolution optical measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a high spatial resolution distributed twist sensor.
    • To investigate the sensing mechanism of spun SMF under torsion.
    • To evaluate the sensor's performance in terms of twist angle and direction measurement.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized spun single-mode fiber (SMF) as the sensing element.
    • Employed optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) for signal interrogation.
    • Analyzed the frequency shift in the Rayleigh backscattering signal (RBS) spectrum.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a distributed twist sensor with a spatial resolution of 1.56 cm.
    • Established a cubic fitting relationship between measured frequency shift and twist angle (±180°).
    • Demonstrated the ability to identify twist direction based on spectral shifts.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed OFDR-based sensor in spun SMF provides high-resolution, distributed twist measurement with direction identification.
    • This technology holds significant potential for structural safety monitoring, medical interventions, and biomimetic design.
    • The unique helical structure of spun SMF is key to its performance as a twist sensor.