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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Quarter-Metal Superconductivity in Rhombohedral Graphene.

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|January 30, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found a novel superconducting state in rhombohedral graphene, likely a chiral topological pair-density wave. This state shows unique properties like Majorana zero modes and a superconducting diode effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Rhombohedral graphene exhibits multiple complex superconducting states.
  • Understanding these states is crucial for novel electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of a specific superconducting state in rhombohedral graphene.
  • To identify the characteristics and potential applications of this novel state.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of electronic structure.
  • Characterization of superconducting properties.
  • Investigation of topological features and symmetry properties.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a single-spin, single-valley, single-band, single-Fermi-pocket parent state.
  • Strong evidence suggests this state is a chiral topological pair-density wave.
  • Observed features include 2D pairing phase modulation, Majorana zero modes, and a spin-polarized superconducting diode effect.

Conclusions:

  • The novel superconducting state in rhombohedral graphene is a unique chiral topological pair-density wave.
  • This state possesses exotic properties with potential for advanced electronic devices.
  • Further research is warranted to explore its full capabilities and applications.